Metformin


Metformin

Classifications: Bigauanide

Indications: Adjunct to diet and exercise for type II DM older than 10 yrs
Extended release form for older than 17 yrs
Action:

Decreases production of glucose (liver)
–Increases uptake of glucose (cellular)
–Increase production of insulin (pancreas)

Approved for use in children

Adverse reactions:
–Hypoglycaemia
–GI distress - anorexia, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, diarrhoea
–Allergic skin reactions

Contraindications:diabetes complicated by fever, trauma, ketoacidosis, renal or hepatic dysfunction.

Care considerations:Monitor nutritional status. Administer in appropriate relationship to meals to ensure therapeutic effectiveness. Monitor activity levels(stress due to infection, trauma etc), adjust dose accordingly. Monitor blood glucose levels.

Drug-drug:
Drugs that acidifies the urine
–Beta blockers

–Alcohol 

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